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Diabetes: causes, managment and treatment.

Definition:

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder in which there is deficiency of insulin prdouction in your body.

Insulin is a harmone produced by the beta cells of pancreas.

When there is a deficiency of insulin, it will lead to imbalance in the glucose metabolism and lead to the hyperglycemia.

Insulin act on the cell and opens the channels to take the glucose which is present in blood and break downs the glucose into the energy called the glycosis.

In the diabetic mellitus patients they are having low production or having enough prdouction of insulin but it is not having action because of low glucose receptors.

Causes:Idiopathic, Genetic, environmental factors.

Symptoms:Increased hungry Increased urine, increased thrist, weight loss, fatigue, blurred vision

Management :

To manage the diabetes client following points must kept in mind:

DIET: Diabetic client’s diet should take into account weight, medication, activity level and other health problems. Amount of food intake helps to control the blood glucose level. Simpler approach is to count the carbohydrate per meal. Eg :Brown rice, oatmeal,Boiled egg, fresh veggies, fresh fruits, surgar free jam.

Exercise : Exercise lower the blood glucose level. Encourage the client to reduce the weight. Adjust the dietry will the exercise. There is chances that client go into hypoglycemia, you take carry hard candy (simple sugar) to prevent the hypoglycemia. If the blood glucose is greater than 250mg/dl and ketone bodies present in urine, do not exercise untill the things get normal.

Oral medication: such as metformin. These medication are used in type 2 diabetes.eg metformin, sulfnylureas.

Insulin: It is used in type 1 diabetes or may be used in type 2 diabetes incase when diet, weight control, oral medication fail to control.

Self monitoring Glucose level.

Urine testing: Test the urine for the presence of ketone bodies..

Conclusion: Diabetic mellitus is common problem found in western type lifestyle peoples. Two types, types1&2. Manage of this disease is the only way, because there is not any permanent solution.

FATHER’S DAY.

To the world you are a day.To our family you are the world.

You’ ve been the best for as long as we can remember.

DAD

Anyone can be a father but it takes someone very special to be a Dad.

HAPPY FATHER’S DAY.

Father’s day is most popular day cellebrated worldwied on 3 sunday of june.

The first fathers day was cellebrated on june 19 ,1910, in the state of washington. Father’s day is a cellebrated as holiday for the honoring of Fatherhood and parental bond.

” The first person who tought me how to walk by holding my hands,ride a bicycle and cares as my bestfriend after late night party,was my DAD”

Actually ,it was an American womem who stared the cellebration of a Father day (Sonora Smart Dodd). Who rised by her father after his mother passed away.

Define Hypertension

Hypertension (High Blood pressure) is a medical term in which the blood exerts the  high force over the wall of the artery.It depends upon the resistance provided by the vessels to the flow of blood and the conductivity of heard (i,e how hard heart pumps the blood). Usually the hypertension is considered when the blood pressure is 140/90mmHg,140mmhg is systolic pressure and 90 mmhg is diastolic pressure. It can lead to various serious complications like heard diseases, stroke, sometimes death.

Hypertension symptoms.

The high blood pressure symptoms are:

Headache

shortness of breath

Nose bleeding

vision change

chest pain

Anxiety.

Hypertension Diet.

The most widely used healthy hypertension diet is DASH diet ( Dietary Approaches to stop Hypertension).Recommended by USDA  (United states of Department of Agriculture)as a healthy hypertension diet.It reduces the hypertension by 11mmhg in systolic pressure and 6mmhg diastolic pressure,to bring it to normal.The DASH diet includes rich in fresh fruits,vegetables,whole grains,low-fat dairy products,also includes fish,poultry and beans,limited sugar-sweetned foods.

DASH diet provides the 1600-3100 calories ,which is quite good for diabetes or obese clients to reduce their weight.Important point should be concern during the DASH diet is the sodium level should be less than 5 mg.

RISK FACTORS OF CIRSIS: Lack of employment. History of substance abuse. History of unresolved crisis. Poor of self – esteem. Lack of caring. Difficulty in coping with everyday situations. Sign’s & Symptoms of crisis : Anxiety. Depression. Loss of interest. Anger. Irritability.

Crisis intervention is an immediate and short term psychological care aimed to provide a correct cognitive perception of the situation and assist the individual in managing the intense feelings related to crisis..

Interventions :

Steps to correct the cognitive perception :

. Direct questioning with the purpose of identification of the prbloms and the people involved.
. Identify the support system available.
. Know the indepth the feeling of individual affected.
. Identify the event that precipitates the crisis.
. Active involvement of people or victim in developing the plan of action.
The instruction should be simple, clear and too much imformation should not be given at a time.


Steps to manage the intense feeling:

. Helping the individual to be aware of the feelings.
. Avoid the encouraging to blame others.
. Avoid the too much of dependency on the therapist.
. Prepare the plan of action under the guidance of the therapist.
. Improve the coping strategies.

Crisis in psychology

Crisis is state of disequilibrium resulting from the interaction with the events, and having inadequate coping mechanisms to meet the demands of the changing events. The person may experience an intensive behavioural and emotional changes in response to changing events.
The individual experience may go down to a lower healthy level of functioning or may remain same or may go healthier level than before the crisis because of the new strengths, skill and coping mechanisms.

Types of psychological crisis:

Maturational Crisis:
A Maturational crisis is a stage in a person’s life where adjustment and adaptations to new responsibilities and life patterns are disequilibrium.

Situational crisis:
A situational crisis is one that is precipitated by an unanticipated streesful event that creats disequilibrium by threatening one’s sense of biological, social or psychological integrity.
Eg: premature birth.
Divorce.
Death of loved one.

Social crisis :
Social crisis is accidental, uncommon and unanticipated and result in multiple losses and radical environment changes.
Eg: Floods, wars, Earthquakes, Mass killing.
Stages of psychological crisis : Stage 1:

Perceived threat act as a precipitated that generates increased anxiety.

Stage 2:
The individual experience a sense of vulnerability or further disorganisation.

Stage 3:
Redefinition of the crisis is attempted and the individual needs the most assistance in this phase.

Stage 4:
Severe to panic level of anxiety with profound cognitive, emotional and physiological changes may occurs.